RADAR and Doppler RADAR Invention and History

Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt created the first radar system in 1935, but several other inventors have taken his original concept and have expounded and improved on it over the years.  The question of who invented radar is a bit murky as a result. Many men had a hand in developing radar as we know it today.   Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt   Born in 1892 in Brechin, Angus, Scotland and educated at St. Andrews University, Watson-Watt was a physicist who worked at the British Meteorological Office. In 1917, he designed devices that could locate thunderstorms. Watson-Watt coined the phrase ionosphere in 1926. He was appointed as the director of radio research at the British National Physical Laboratory in 1935 where he completed his research to develop a radar system that could locate aircraft. Radar was officially awarded a British patent in April 1935. Watson-Watts other contributions include a cathode-ray direction finder thats  used to study atmospheric phenomena, research in electromagnetic radiation, and inventions used for flight safety. He died in 1973. Heinrich Hertz In 1886, Germany physicist Heinrich Hertz discovered that an electric current in a conducting wire radiates electromagnetic waves into the surrounding space when swinging rapidly back and forth. Today, we call such a wire an antenna. Hertz went on to detect these oscillations in his lab using an electric spark in which the current oscillates rapidly. These radio waves were first known as Hertzian waves.†Ã‚  Today we measure frequencies in Hertz (Hz) -- oscillations per second --and at radio frequencies in megahertz (MHz). Hertz was the first to experimentally demonstrate the production and detection of â€Å"Maxwell’s waves,† a discovery that leads directly to radio. He died in 1894.   James Clerk Maxwell James Clark Maxwell was a Scottish physicist best known for combining the fields of electricity  and magnetism to create the theory of the  electromagnetic field. Born in 1831 to a wealthy family, the young Maxwell’s studies took him to the Edinburgh Academy where he published his first academic paper in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh at the astounding age of 14. He later attended the University of Edinburgh and the University of Cambridge. Maxwell began his career as a professor by filling in the vacant Chair of Natural Philosophy at Aberdeen’s Marischal College in 1856. Then Aberdeen combined its two colleges into one university in 1860, leaving room for only one Natural Philosophy professorship which went to David Thomson. Maxwell went on to become Professor of Physics and Astronomy at King’s College in London, an appointment that would form the foundation of some of the most influential theory of his lifetime. His paper on physical lines of force took two years to create and was ultimately published in several parts. The paper introduced his pivotal theory of electromagnetism – that electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light and that light exists in the same medium as electric and magnetic phenomena. Maxwell’s 1873 publication of â€Å"A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism† produced the fullest explanation of his four partial different equations which would go on to become a major influence on  Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity.  Einstein summed up the monumental achievement of Maxwell’s lifes work with these words: â€Å"This change in the conception of reality is the most profound and the most fruitful that physics has experienced since the time of Newton.† Considered one of the greatest scientific minds the world has ever known, Maxwell’s contributions extend beyond the realm of electromagnetic theory to include an acclaimed study of the dynamics of Saturn’s rings, the somewhat accidental -- although still important—capturing of the first color  photograph, and his kinetic theory of gases which led to a law relating to the distribution of molecular velocities. He  died on November 5, 1879, at the age of 48 from abdominal cancer. Christian Andreas Doppler Doppler radar gets its name from Christian Andreas Doppler, an Austrian physicist. Doppler first described how the observed frequency of light and sound waves was affected by the relative motion of the source and the detector in 1842. This phenomenon became known as the Doppler effect, most often demonstrated by the change in the sound wave of a passing train. The trains whistle becomes higher in pitch as it approaches and lower in pitch as it moves away. Doppler determined that the number of sound waves reaching the ear in a given amount of time, called the frequency, determines the tone or pitch that’s heard. The tone remains the same as long as you’re not moving. As the train moves closer, the number of sound waves reaching your ear in a given amount of time increases and the pitch therefore increases. The opposite occurs as the train moves away from you. Dr. Robert Rines Robert Rines is the inventor of high definition radar and the sonogram. A patent attorney, Rines founded the Franklin Pierce Law Center and devoted a great deal of time to chasing the Loch Ness monster, a mission for which hes best known. He was a major supporter of inventors and a defender of inventors rights. Rines died in 2009. Luis Walter Alvarez Luis Alvarez invented a radio distance and direction indicator, a landing system for aircrafts and a radar system  for locating planes. He also co-invented the hydrogen bubble chamber which is used to detect subatomic particles. He developed the microwave beacon, the linear radar antennae, and ground-controlled radar landing approaches for aircraft. An American physicist, Alvarez won the 1968 Nobel Prize in physics for his studies. His many inventions demonstrate ingenious applications of physics to other scientific areas. He died in 1988. John Logie Baird John Logie Baird Baird patented various inventions related to  radar  and fiber optics, but hes best remembered as the inventor of mechanical television—one of the earliest versions of television. Along with American Clarence W. Hansell, Baird patented the idea of using arrays of transparent rods to transmit images for television and facsimiles in the 1920s. His 30-line images were the first demonstrations of television by reflected light rather than back-lit silhouettes. The television pioneer created the first televised pictures of objects in motion in 1924, the first televised human face in 1925, and the first moving object image in 1926. His 1928 trans-Atlantic transmission of the image of a human face was a broadcasting milestone. Color television, stereoscopic television, and television by infra-red light were all demonstrated by Baird before 1930. When he successfully lobbied for broadcast time with the British Broadcasting Company, the BBC began broadcasting television on the Baird 30-line system in 1929. The first British television play, The Man with the Flower in his Mouth,† was transmitted in July 1930. The BBC adopted television service using the electronic television technology of Marconi-EMI—the worlds first regular high-resolution service at 405 lines per picture – in 1936. This technology finally won out over Bairds system. Baird died in 1946 in Bexhill-on-Sea, Sussex, England.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) - 948 Words

What do Ryan Gosling, Michael Phelps, and David Blaine all have in common? Their success? Their gender? Their amazing bodies? Although they do share these similarities, they also have another aspect to their lives which impacts them everyday. All three of the celebrities have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ADHD is a mental disorder which affects millions of people from all ages. It affects the brain and typically includes attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Typically beginning in childhood, ADHD can last a lifetime. Notably, boys are more than twice as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than girls. Unfortunately, there is no cure for the disorder. ADHD contributes to difficulty at school or work, problems with†¦show more content†¦So far, there is no cure, the number of people that deal with this disorder is not going to drastically decrease. The people with ADHD coping with the challenges of the disorder are not the only ones that are affected; friends, family, teachers, etc. are also finding ways to accustom to the student’s, friend’s, or family member’s differences. I believe it is important to cover the effects of ADHD on family dynamics because that is where an individual spends a majority of their time, and that is the environment where people develop. There are a few other important and major questions that I would like to figure out and answer. First question, what are the different kinds of symptoms? There are people out there that might not be completely educated or aware of ADHD. Thus, he or she might not know he has ADHD because he is unsure what his symptoms mean. With an increase of knowledge, people can get help and better their conditions. Next question, what are the causes of ADHD? Is there only one cause or are there several causes? That goes to my next question, is ADHD genetic? If so, are people born with the disorder? Having ADHD and documenting his experiences while growing up with the disorder, Blake S. Taylor is a reliable source for describing what it is like dealing with ADHD. In his memoir, ADHD

Mobile Security and Why it’s important Free Essays

Commonplace so developers had to build in security from the start†¦. Storing surnames and passwords in plain text on the device is a rookie mistake. † (Prince, 2010) Rooting and Jail breaking is a process where users tamper with a device allowing them to bypass any restrictions that were put on the phone to prevent the end user from having access. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Security and Why it’s important or any similar topic only for you Order Now After rooting or Jail breaking a device the user obtains superset access rights. These rights allow for full control and customization which also makes the device more susceptible to attack. (Hang, Wright Samurai’s, 2014) Security And Why It’s Difficult Although security is an important factor in development it is sometimes hard to get developers to focus on security. Competitive pressure to deliver more functionality at a lower cost is one force that works against improving security. Grabbing market share as soon as possible also slow developers urge to improve security. (Halibut, Voss, Miller, 2011, p. 10) Many Application Developers are most concerned in an app being secure enough to not bring their system down. Therefore, fixing the security of APS is somewhat challenging. Recent reports show that up to 80% of APS fail to employ with security standards. Using data fertilization will keep devices that are lost or stolen from leaking valuable data. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives’ Office of Science and Technology are preparing to begin its own development of mobile APS for use by employees that would be more secure than APS available to the public. (Curran, 2012) Security, What Can Be Done Mobile application security should not simply focus on data and applications. Mobile platforms are used in various new settings and impact users in ways that could never apply to a PC. An attacker could compromise systems connected to mobile devices through vulnerabilities identified at any point (Line, Hang, Wright, Samurai’s, 2014, p. 22) Some researchers focus on analysis, detection and evaluation of malicious applications while others focus on designs meant to improve data security. Controlling permission usage or isolating the execution environment is two examples of such. (Hang, Wright Samurai’s, 2014) Fortunately, the UN-trusted entry points to an application are limited to the particular platform features you choose to use and are secured in a consistent way. Android applications do not have a simple main function that always gets called when they start. Instead, their initial entry points are based on registering Activities, Services, Broadcast Receivers or Content Providers with the system (Burns, 2008, p. 5) Developers should assume that an attacker will install the device on their phone and then be able to inspect the application. By Jail breaking their phone it allows the attacker to retrieve the actual code making it easy for them to plan their attack. (Prince, 2010) Information leakage must be curtailed during the architecture phase and managed with strict controls in plowmen. Rouse, 2009, p 44) Developers need not only consider how to keep users data safe but to deal with power usage and memory consumption. You cannot allow mallard to access your applications special permissions. (Burns, 2008) In conclusion, Security for mobile devices is something users and developers need to take more seriously. Developers must understand that m aking sure an application is great is top priority but security for those applications can be Just as important. Should there be more strict submission rules for security to force developers to make security a priority? Mobile Application Developers Face Security Challenges. Retrieved August 28, 2014. Rouse, March 23, 2009, Securing Mobile Applications Illuminating Mobile Threats, HTTPS://www. Spas. Org/index. PH? Title=The_future_of_mobile:_developing_secure_mobile_applications=57231 Appendix A: Critical Thinking Six Steps Used to Draft Your Paper Compose your reflections below. Attitude towards this assignment. I was overwhelmed at first but I took a breath and just followed the suggested path in the instructions for the assignment. Step 2. Focus on the accuracy of the assumptions and conclusions. I followed the assignment instructions and highlighted them on my printed out sheet as I completed each necessary step. Step 3. Break the problems into workable parts. I broke this into easily tackled parts by following each step of the instructions. I would worry about each section at a time and tried to keep my mind off the length of the entire paper and Just worked on each section as necessary and then move onto the next. Good strategy. Step 4. Do not guess or Jump to conclusions. I printed out the material for Unit 5 Assignment and highlighted as each step was completed. I used the grading criteria to hopefully achieve a distinguished grade. Step 5. Employ meaningful self-dialogue throughout the process, including written or drawn prompts as well as spoken words. I printed out my previous â€Å"draft† from Unit 4 and further organized the information, expanding on this information also. I highlighted all referenced material to make sure I did not use the information in more than one section. I also made a lot of notes on the Unit 5 assignment instructions making sure not to forget all that I needed to do. I have a copy of this assignment open as well as to not forget the instructions. Great strategies! Step 6. Briefly describe what it felt like to go through the process. I enjoy going through the critical thinking process. It really helps me slow down and do things one at a time. Highlighting each step as I complete it and using the grading charts have really helped me in this course to not only know what is expected of me to get a distinguished grade but also so that I do not leave out vital information or miss important steps. 0 Appendix B: Critical Thinking Six Steps Used to Revise Your Paper (Unit 6) Step 1. Demonstrate a positive attitude toward solving a problem. I tried to keep a positive attitude throughout this research paper. I became a little frustrated after reading my peer reviews. I wasn’t sure that some of the suggestions I received were good. I calmed down and Just decided to ask. Step 2. Focus on the accuracy of the assumptions and conclusions. I was unsure about some of the suggestions that were given to me by my peers because of instructions that were given to us. I make sure to read all instructions and know that I’m doing what I’m supposed to but I didn’t want to completely throw my peers suggestions out so I wanted to make sure and asked. Step 3. Break the problems into workable parts. I broke this assignment into workable sections by picking one thing to focus on then going to the next. For example I started by reading everyone’s feedback. I then broke it up and went through my paper first, fixing any spelling mistakes. Next I fixed any citation mistakes that needed corrected. I went over my paper several times working I did not guess or Jump to conclusions. I read all instructions more than once to make sure I was doing what I was supposed to. When I was unsure of a peer’s suggestions I asked. Step 5. Employ meaningful self-dialogue throughout the process, including written or drawn prompts as well as spoken words. I printed out all feedback and wrote myself notes accordingly. I highlighted all adjustments/notes as I completed them to make sure I didn’t forget anything. Step 6. Briefly describe what it felt like to go through the process. I thoroughly enjoy using the critical thinking process. It helps me to ensure Vie done what is expected of me to get a good grade and understand exactly what I’m doing. Instructions when you are finished finalizing your paper for Unit 6, assignment 1 : How to cite Mobile Security and Why it’s important, Papers